Post traumatic stress disorder Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Post traumatic stress disorder - Research Paper Example The first public alert on the disorder was from the war veterans (Mueser, Rosenberg & Rosenberg, 2009). They spent so much time away from home, and when they came back home, they had persistent flashbacks. The flashbacks caused them to feel threatened wherever they were and could not trust anyone with their lives. Over the years, the disorder has recorded a rise and it has become a socio-cultural problem. The traumatic experiences like terrorist attacks, earthquakes, floods, kidnappings, rape, child abuse, and many others have contributed to more victims suffering from the disorder (Cash, 2006). Statistics has shown that very soon the disorder may be one of the major public health concerns (Cash, 2006). Changes in the methods of treatment are therefore necessary to curb the growing menace. Over the years, the method used for the treatment of PTDS is only focused on the short-term treatment of the disease (Steele, van der Hart and Nijenhuis, 2001). The formulation has not characterized the significant symptoms seen on the victims who have suffered prolonged mental afflictions. They are mainly attributed to repeated domestic or sexual abuse together with political torture. A substitute diagnostic formulation â€Å"complex PTSD† should replace the method of treatment. This treatment will ensure that multiple symptoms are treated, and it will deal with the long-term effect of the disease on the individual for them to heal completely (Steele, van der Hart and Nijenhuis, 2001). The current PTDS deals only with the treatment of single acute trauma and leaves out the bigger picture caused by multiple sources of trauma (Steele, van der Hart and Nijenhuis, 2001). Judith Herman, a professor of psychology at the Harvard, was the first person to propose this treatment. Her book â€Å"Trauma and Recovery† accurately spells out how the treatment should be carried out using the â€Å"complex PTDS†. Most of the clinicians have been of the

The Nuremberg Main Trials Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

The Nuremberg Main Trials - Essay Example However, Nuremberg was flawed, to a certain extent, and it is sensible to assume that its imperfections could be the most integral features of it deserving of attention at present. Still, many would believe that there are other features, as well, and that a number of these address undying desires for the triumph of fairness and justice.2 This essay examines the appropriateness of the indictments, the issue of jurisdiction, and general questions of legality with reference to the ‘fair trial principle’ in the Nuremberg main trial. Appropriateness of the Indictments The function of the IMT at Nuremberg was to formally question the ‘main’ German war criminals. IMT had two members from each of the four participating nations, namely, the United States, Great Britain, France, and the Soviet Union. These members would shape various paradigms of criminal law and process.3 The IMT mission was instigated in 1945, as soon as the Committee of Chief Counsels of the four p arties to the London Agreement—a declaration that specify the guidelines and law through which the Nuremberg trials were to be carried out-- approved and passed an indictment laying down the criminal acts arraigned against the ‘main’ war criminals.4 The indictment convicted them with four violations: ‘(1) common plan or conspiracy, (2) crimes against peace, (3) war crimes, and (4) crimes against humanity.’5 Common plan or conspiracy The scholars of the Nuremberg Trials claimed that it is crucial to impugn the guiltiest offenders for conniving to pursue the Nazi persecution of the Jews and other acts of violence. Nevertheless, it was not a war misdeed for the nation to perpetrate acts of violence against its own people.6 For that reason, â€Å"[t]he American motives for spinning the dense web of conspiracy to inculpate the Nazi brass is no secret in that the stratagem was essentially intended to procure legal grounds for holding the instigators of th e Nazi movement accountable for the record of ‘domestic’ bestialities against assorted segments of their own population, including the Jewish minority.†7 In view of that, a conspiracy conviction was seen crucial so as to impugn individuals for planning or pursuing a common plan to perpetrate crimes against civilians. The Tribunal took into account the indictment of common plan or conspiracy on the basis of two rationales: first is the blameworthiness of organisations, and second is whether the war criminals had connived to pursue genocide and persecution. The latter rationale was settled under the accusation of ‘crimes against peace’.8 The Tribunal, as regards to the accusation of ‘conspiracy’, simply deemed: In the opinion of the Tribunal, the evidence establishes the common planning to prepare and wage war by certain of the defendants. It is immaterial to consider whether a single conspiracy... has been conclusively proved.9 Moreover, t he Tribunal resolutely strived to lessen the possible perils to minor collaborators or innocent members which could have stemmed from its judgment to charge four organisations of war crimes.10 As claimed by Professor Schwarzenberger, â€Å"

Evaluation of Consumer-Driven Health Plans (CDHPs)

Evaluation of Consumer-Driven Health Plans (CDHPs) Introduction Consumer-driven healthplans(CDHPs) are health care benefits plans focused on the commitment of patrons in health care decision-making. Consumer-driven healthplans(CDHPs) facilitate patients to also make use of dollars of employer-funded or to save their personal dollars in an account to be used to shell out for appropriate health care expenses.The backlash of managed care of the 1990s merged with growing health expenditures leaded to the formation of consumer-directed health plans (CDHPs), which lay bigger accountability for decision-making of health care in the consumer’s hands. In retort to the insight amongst consumers that managed care plans were restricting admittance to prospectively beneficial care consumer-directed plans were proposed to manage costs by altering health care decision-making accountability from insurers to customers. [Buntin MB, Damberg C,] CDHPs are anticipated to decrease spending of health care by divulging consumers to the implications of financial of their treatment decisions. The idea was that consumers, equipped with classy tools of information and rendered to the financial effects of their decisions, would compel in health care delivery value-based advance. CDHPs have developed in reputation ever since their inception, now enrolling in relation to 17 percent of people with insurance of employer-sponsored.[ Goodman, J. C.] There are three most important components of CDHPs plans under the head of the reimbursement account (HRA), health savings account (HSA),and Flexible Spending Account (FSA). The plans are initiated to support members to comprehend and have superior association in their individual decisions of health care. The employee can suitably choose when and how his or her health care dollars are utilized. Following are the descriptions of different types of plans:- Health Reimbursement Account -This account is funded by the employer. A Health Reimbursement Account plan includes a deductible, but enrollees classically employ their HRA to disburse for out-of-pocket expenses prior to they meet the deductible. The HRA plan comprises an enrollee out-of-pocket maximum. The plan offers 100 percent reimbursement once the limit is met, for covered services, together with pharmacy benefits. Health Savings Account -A Health Savings Account (HSA)is the individual account of account holder’s and can be employed to compensate for qualified pharmacy and medical expenses.HAS can be funded by the employee employer, or others. An HSA plan comprise a deductible, however enrollees can use their HSA to shell out for out-of-pocket expenses prior to they meet up the deductible. Flexible Spending Account -A patient may perhaps have the alternative to employ an FSA in combination with an HRA to assist to pay for entitled pharmacy and medical expenses not enclosed by the medical plan. This comprises non-medically necessary procedures, over-the-counter medications, (e.g., laser eye operation) and a great deal more. Consumer-driven health care tenders numerous opportunities to develop the health of employees and to lessen on the whole health care costs for employers. For the most part importantly, the model of consumer-driven health care propose support for employees, their families and further dependents to take a further dynamic role in supervision of their health and health care service. CDHPs are inclined to draw upper income, additional educated enrollees; other than there is no confirmation that CDHPs have escort to risk segmentation resultant in corroded insurance coverage. Approximately all the proof on CDHPs is from huge, self-insured employers for whom constructive choice into a CDHP is not essentially challenging. [Barry CL, Cullen MR,] On the whole, the consequences of this synthesis propose that the types of strategies used by CDHPs must carry on to be considered as an advance to containment of health care cost. [Buntin MB, Damberg C,] Research shows that major cost savings connected with these plans, suggestive of that financial incentives besieged at consumers can be efficient in lowering health care expenditures. Alongside this confirmation of cost savings there is relatively modest evidence of reductions in quality of care. While the effects of these plans on utilization and outcomes must be continued to monitored, predominantly given the changes in the types of plans offered in the market, the initial results shows prospective. Consumer Driven Healthcare Plans tender several diverse incentives such as: Tenders superior choice. Members appear to be stirring away from managed care restrictions as enrollment of HMO keep on to reducing while PPO enrollment style plans is increasing. Incentives for employees turn out to be more involved in making economic decisions in relation to the use of healthcare resulting in additional educated purchasers demanding lesser cost and superior quality service from their providers. Addresses cost and admission problems in the existing healthcare system. As the health care cost carry on to skyrocket, it is significant for employers to deem options like consumer-directed health plans (CDHP)—health plans with a confirmed trail record of sustaining wellness, even as controlling costs. These plans afford an appropriate, cost-effective resolution for companies. Employers can prefer to initiate CDHP plans as a complete substitution to the accessible health benefits program, or can tender CDHP options together with additional managed care options, for instance a PPO. Incentives can be intended to persuade members to partake and better administer their health.[ Goodman, J. C.] Employees in CDHPs from a health perspective, expend more on preventive care and emergency room visits are reduced as a result. Female patients access additional women’s health screenings, and diabetes patients also carry out monitoring at higher rates in addition. It as well has educated patients who make use of essential prescriptions to cure chronic conditions, similar to their equivalent in PPO plans. Considerably, there is greater choice of generic drugs, escalating on the whole health care savings.[ John W. Rowe, Tina Brown-Stevenson, Roberta L. Downey, and Joseph P. Newhouse] The outcomes of CDHPs on rates of coverage of insurance are unidentified. Even despite the fact that the prospective for these products to produce risk segmentation crosswise diverse types of coverage hoist concern over the affordability and admission to coverage amongst high risks, the accessibility of lower-premium items which lesser premiums by lessening spending on low-value services may perhaps eventually add to rates of insurance coverage in the midst of both high- and low- risk consumers. While the facts point out that CDHPs be inclined to experience constructive selection when they are proposed by huge employers along with other types of plans, there is no proof that constructive choice in this circumstance has inclined on the whole rates of coverage of insurance. In the case of the small and individual group markets, there is modest to no proof on the level to which CDHPs experience constructive risk selection and the inference for coverage rates. The impact of these plans In addition, on vulnerable populations, predominantly amongst people with low down levels of income and proper education, is yet uncertain. An enhanced discerning of these effects is significant as market penetration of these products enhancement and they are gradually more offered by employers on a complete basis of replacement.[ Goodman, J. C.] CDHPs In the employer-sponsored market, may perhaps be offered either unaccompanied or next to other plans, and choice may perhaps take place at the stage of the employer choosing to render the plan or at the stage of the employees choosing amongst plans. For huge firms, which in general tender CDHPs together with other plans, risk selection takes place principally in the group. Since regulation forbid employers from diverging employee contributions founded on health status of individual, employee contributions do not diverge by risk of individual. As a result, if a CDHP with a low down employee contribution and an elevated deductible is tendered along with a plan with lesser cost-sharing and an elevated employee contribution, it is to be expected to be additional striking to low risks for whom likely out-of-pocket expenditure will be lesser. When the company is self-insured, on the other hand, as almost all big firms are, the employer is at hazard for the expenditure of the whole gr oup. Consequently, the employer, who does not advantage monetarily from excessively enrolling low down risks into the CDHP, has modest inducement to tender CDHPs to support such risk segmentation. Even as an added concern is that this kind of selection may perhaps intimidate the steadiness of a additional generous plan (20), an employer may perhaps keep away from this type of unpleasant selection â€Å"death spiral† in the course of the selection of the employee contribution policy. As a result, favorable selection into CDHPs inside firms in the huge group market is not likely to be challenging. In contrast, in the small group market, employers classically tender simply one plan and habitually acquire fully insured products. Risk selection In this case, occurs principally in the structure of the employer prefering which plan to tender employees and probable amongst employees choosing whether to register in the coverage of insurance tendered by the employer. Insurers have inducement to price products founded on the group risk, and if they are not capable to make use of risk-based pricing, they may perhaps intend coverage consecutively to accomplish risk segmentation. This would in due course for low-risk groups lower the premiums and raise them for groups of high-risk. The net result on rates of coverage would rely on how each one group act in response to the consequent alterations in premiums. Risk selection connected with CDHPs is a larger concern in the individual markets and small group in abstract, since insurers have incentives to employ in risk selection in the course of benefit design in these surroundings when risk of enrollee is complicated or expensive for them to monitor. Enrollment of CDHP in these settings, nevertheless, does not essentially indicate problematical risk-based selection. Enrollment of CDHP may perhaps replicate inclination for lower-premium, a lesser amount of liberal plans in this setting. [Goodman, J. C.] Conclusion CDHPs proponents emphasize the prospective for these plans to endorse superior implication in spending of health care and to lodge various consumer preferences (19, 3, 27). In contrast Critics, hoist the concern that, even as consumers may act in response to high deductibles by means of less medical care, they may perhaps not distinguish efficiently between less and more valuable care when constructing those reductions, eventually reducing eminence of care, and that superior cost-sharing places a too much financial load on low-income and/or not as much of healthy enrollees. However, in their current form, CDHPs are expected to represent merely part of a solution to deal with high and rising health care costs. The evidence indicates that CDHPs construct savings primarily among medium and low- -risk enrollees. They have modest outcome on spending for the diminutive proportion of the population who constructs the mass of health care spending. As a result, an all-inclusive approach to tackling high health care spending would need substitute solutions targeted in the direction of high-risk populations. References â€Å"Who Chooses a Consumer-Directed Health Plan?† Barry CL, Cullen MR, et al. Health Affairs, vol. 27, no. 6, 2008 â€Å"Consumer-Directed Health Care: Early Evidence About Effects on Cost and Quality.† Buntin MB, Damberg C, et al. Health Affairs, vol. 25, no. 6, 2006. Consumer Directed Health Care. Goodman, J. C. (December 2006). Social Science Electronic Publishing, Inc, The Effect of Consumer-Directed Health Plans on the Use of Preventive and Chronic Illness Services,John W. Rowe, Tina Brown-Stevenson, Roberta L. Downey, and Joseph P. Newhouse, Health Affairs, Volume 27, Number 1, January/February 2008

Colombia Vs. Morality :: essays research papers

Colombia is a country wrought with poverty, corruption, and violence. It has gained leader for its drug trafficking and scandalous dealing by the military. Five percent of Colombia, which is 1.9million people, 1.1 million that are children, has been disabled due to the fighting in a four decade old civil war. Colombia has endured vicious conflicts throughout its country in the past 36 years. It is considered to be one of the most violent places in the world, with a murder rate 8 times as much as the United States of America. Colombia is considered an undeveloped country in other words it is a poverty stricken place. Because Colombia is prone to earthquakes and volcanic eruptions it is hard for the poverty stricken areas of Colombia to stay in one place. The corruption comes from the exporting to America. While most things exported to the united states from Colombia are oil, coffee, and fresh cut flowers. Illegally al the real money comes from drug trafficking off copious amounts of cocaine and heroin. In my opinion violence is the most shocking to me. Why should one feel the need to comply with treating a person with simple respect, with giving second thoughts to clubbing them in the head or shooting them point blank? And why do they feel the need to commit unnecessary violence? These human rights standards should be natural for people, not something they have to think twice about to obey it. It is a fact that Colombians are beaten, raped and shot to death by there own military everyday. In the past couple years; the human rights cases against violence amongst civilians have been dropped. Making this actually legal. It shocks me to hear of the violence that engulfs Colombia. With such crimes of miracle fishing (slang for kidnapping), 200 bombs in less then 15 years, everyday assaults, robberies, spiking with scorpions and a murder rate of 77.5 per 100,000 people. The fact that hundreds of police officers, judges, investigators, presidential candies and of course thousands of Colom bian citizens murdered with the attitude of â€Å"So it goes† shows that their nation has been badly damaged, psychologically as well as physically.

Comparative Net Sales of Flower Shops Business

Objectives 1. Determine the business profile variables 2. Identify the services and kind of flowers being offered and the months when the sale is highest and lowest 3. Compare and analyse the sales of flowers during the seasons when it is in demand and not 4. Identify the problems being encountered and factors affecting the sales 5. Prepare plan of action Questionnaire I. Profile Variables Name of Business: ___________________ Type of Business: _______sole proprietorship _______corporation _______partnership _______others Area of Business:_______along the public market ______other commercial area _______residential area _______others Number of workers:_______ 1 _______2 _______3 _______4 _______5 and above Years in Operation_______1-5 years _______6-10 years _______11-15 years _______16-20 years _______ above 20 years II. Product/ Goods Supplier_______within the province _______outside the province _______outside the country _______outside the province and outside the country _______ within and outside the province _______within the province and outside the country Flowers being Sold: (displayed at the time of survey) _______ Rose ________ Malaysian Mums ________ Angels’ Breath ________ Anthurium ________ Birds of Paradise ________ Tulips ________ Star Gazer Peak Seasons for flowers: __________________________________ Estimated Sales:_______below 10000 _______10000-29999 _______30000-49999 _______50000-69999 _______70000-89999 _______90000 and above Dormant Seasons for flowers: _______________________________ Estimated Sales per day:_______0 – 499 _______500 – 999 _______1000 – 1499 _______1500 – 1999 _______2000 and above Problems Encountered: Dormant SeasonsPeak SeasonsNeverSometimesAlwaysNeverSometimesAlways Dried flowers Pests Few customers Delayed deliveries of ordered flowers Unpaid balances of customers Too many competitors Burdensome taxes Lack of necessary equipment Lack of stocked flowers Natural calamities Strongly D isagreeDisagreeAgreeStrongly Agree It is better to sold flowers on Peak Seasons only Customers are seem satisfied in your services and flowers Total sales each day depends on the business’ luck Flowers are important part of an occasion Flowershop business is an in-demand business anytime Descriptive Survey PROFILE VARIABLESNumber ofYears of Name of BusinessType of BusinessArea of BusinessworkersExistenceSupplier's Place 1Amang's FlowershopSole Proprietorshippublic market125outside the province 2Leony's FlowershopSole Proprietorshippublic market320outside the province 3Emily's FlowershopSole Proprietorshippublic market320outside the province 4Ley's FlowershopSole Proprietorshippublic market330outside the province 5Heaven's TouchSole Proprietorshippublic market18outside the province 6Petal and BloomSole Proprietorshipother commercial area21outside the province 7Maycee's FlowershopSoleProprietorshipother commercial area115outside the province 8Highland FlowershopSole Proprietors hipother commercial area417outside the province 9BloomerySole Proprietorshipother commercial area210outside the province 10Kelsey's FlowershopSole Proprietorshipother commercial area220outside the province 11Kart's FlowershopSole Proprietorshipother commercial area31outside the province 12Vic's FlowershopSole Proprietorshipother commercial area22outside the province 13Flowers and GreensSole Proprietorshipother commercial area31outside the province and outside the country 14Flowers 911Sole Proprietorshipother commercial area21outside the province 15Flowershop by SylviaSole Proprietorshipother commercial area32outside the province 16Te AmoSole Proprietorshipother commercial area11outside the province 17Christhialyn's FlowershopSole Proprietorshipother commercial area425outside the province 18SunshineSole Proprietorshipresidential area110outside the province 19Money Changer FlowershopSole Proprietorshipother commercial area25outside the province 20Carissa's FlowershopSole Proprietorshi pother commercial area24outside the province 21BobzenSole Proprietorshipother commercial area215outside the province 22Bobzen – branchSole Proprietorshipother commercial area11outside the province 23Zenaida's FlowershopSole Proprietorshipother commercial area28outside the province 24Sally's FlowershopSole Proprietorshipother commercial area217outside the province and outside the country 25Doni's FlowershopSole Proprietorshipother commercial area115outside the province 26Yolly's FlowershopSole Proprietorshipother commercial area110outside the province 27Dionisia's FlowershopSole Proprietorshipother commercial area115outside the province 28Rita's FlowershopSole Proprietorshippublic market12outside the province 29JeunesseSole Proprietorshippublic market12outside the province 30Myra Grace's FlowershopSole Proprietorshipother commercial area23outside the province Flowers being sold 1rose, malaysian mums, anthurium, angel's breath 2rose, malaysian mums, anthurium, angel's breath 3r ose, malaysian mums, anthurium, angel's breath 4rose, malaysian mums, anthurium, angel's breath 5rose, malaysian mums, anthurium, angel's breath 6rose, malaysianmums, birds of paradise, star gazer, angel's breath, anthurium 7rose, malaysianmums, star gazer, angel's breath, anthurium 8rose, malaysianmums, birds of paradise, star gazer, angel's breath, anthurium 9rose, malaysianmums, angel's breath 0rose, malaysianmums, star gazer, angel's breath, anthurium 11rose, malaysianmums, star gazer, angel's breath, anthurium 12rose, malaysianmums, star gazer, angel's breath, anthurium 13rose, malaysianmums, birds of paradise, star gazer, angel's breath, anthurium, tulips 14rose, malaysian mums, anthurium, angel's breath 15rose, malaysian mums, anthurium, angel's breath 16rose, malaysian mums, birds of paradise angel's breath, 17rose, malaysian mums, anthurium, angel's breath 18rose, malaysian mums, angel's breath 19rose, malaysian mums, angel's breath 20rose, malaysian mums, anthurium, angel' s breath 21rose, malaysian mums, angel's breath, star gazer 22rose, malaysian mums, angel's breath 23rose, malaysian mums, angel's breath 24rose, malaysianmums, birds of paradise, star gazer, angel's breath, anthurium, tulips 25rose, malaysian mums, angel's breath 26rose, malaysian mums, angel's breath 27rose, malaysian mums, angel's breath 8rose, malaysianmums, birds of paradise, star gazer, angel's breath, anthurium, tulips 29rose, malaysian mums, anthurium, angel's breath 30rose, malaysian mums, anthurium, angel's breath Peak Seasons for flowersEstimated SalesDormant Seasons/ MonthsEstimated Sales Valentines Day, All Souls Day10000July, August1000 Valentines Day, All Souls Day50000June, July1500 Valentines Day, All Souls Day50000June, August2000 Valentines Day, All Souls Day30000June, July3000 Valentines Day, All Souls Day30000July, August1500 Valentines Day, All Souls Day30000July, August500 Valentines Day, All Souls Day30000August, September1000 Valentines Day, All Souls Day100 000June, July5000 Valentines Day, All Souls Day30000July, August1000 Valentines Day, All Souls Day30000July, August1000Valentines Day, All Souls Day40000August, September1500 Valentines Day, All Souls Day35000August, September500 Valentines Day, All Souls Day100000July, August3000 Valentines Day, All Souls Day30000July, August500 Valentines Day, All Souls Day40000July, August1000 Valentines Day, All Souls Day30000July, August1000 Valentines Day, All Souls Day100000August, September2000 Valentines Day, All Souls Day40000August, September500 Valentines Day, All Souls Day50000July, August2000 Valentines Day, All Souls Day40000August, September1000 Valentines Day, All Souls Day100000August, September1500 Valentines Day, All Souls Day100000July, August2000 Valentines Day, All Souls Day100000August, September1000Valentines Day, All Souls Day80000June, July1000 Valentines Day, All Souls Day70000June, July500 Valentines Day, All Souls Day70000August, September500 Valentines Day, All Souls D ay30000July, August500 Valentines Day, All Souls Day60000July, August1000 Valentines Day, All Souls Day50000August, September1000 Valentines Day, All Souls Day40000August, September1000 Problems Encountered During Dormant Seasons P1P2P3P4P5P6P7P8P9P10 AlwaysSometimesAlwaysSometimesSometimesSometimesAlwaysAlwaysNeverSometimes AlwaysSometimesAlwaysSometimesSometimesSometimesAlwaysAlwaysNeverSometimes AlwaysSometimesAlwaysSometimesSometimesSometimesAlwaysSometimesNeverSometimesAlwaysSometimesAlwaysSometimesSometimesSometimesAlwaysSometimesNeverSometimes AlwaysSometimesAlwaysSometimesSometimesAlwaysAlwaysSometimesSometimesSometimes AlwaysSometimesAlwaysSometimesSometimesAlwaysAlwaysAlwaysNeverSometimes AlwaysSometimesAlwaysSometimesSometimesAlwaysAlwaysAlwaysNeverSometimes AlwaysSometimesAlwaysNeverSometimesAlwaysAlwaysSometimesSometimesSometimes AlwaysSometimesAlwaysSometimesSometimesAlwaysAlwaysSometimesNeverSometimes AlwaysSometimesAlwaysSometimesSometimesSometimesAlwaysSometimesNeve rSometimes AlwaysNeverAlwaysNeverSometimesSometimesAlwaysSometimesSometimesSometimes AlwaysSometimesAlwaysSometimesSometimesSometimesAlwaysNeverSometimesSometimes SometimesNeverAlwaysNeverSometimesAlwaysAlwaysNeverNeverSometimes AlwaysSometimesAlwaysNeverSometimesAlwaysAlwaysSometimesSometimesSometimes SometimesSometimesAlwaysNeverSometimesSometimesAlwaysSometimesNeverSometimes AlwaysSometimesAlwaysSometimesSometimesSometimesAlwaysAlwaysSometimesSometimes SometimesSometimesAlwaysSometimesSometimesAlwaysAlwaysNeverSometimesSometimes AlwaysSometimesAlwaysSometimesSometimesAlwaysAlwaysSometimesSometimesSometimes AlwaysNeverAlwaysNeverSometimesAlwaysAlwaysSometimesSometimesSometimes AlwaysNeverAlwaysSometimesSometimesSometimesAlwaysSometimesSometimesSometimes AlwaysSometimesAlwaysNeverSometimesSometimesAlwaysAlwaysSometimesSometimesAlwaysSometimesAlwaysNeverSometimesSometimesAlwaysAlwaysSometimesSometimes AlwaysAlwaysAlwaysNeverSometimesSometimesAlwaysSometimesNeverSometimes SometimesSo metimesAlwaysSometimesSometimesAlwaysAlwaysSometimesSometimesSometimes AlwaysSometimesAlwaysSometimesSometimesSometimesAlwaysAlwaysSometimesSometimes SometimesSometimesAlwaysNeverSometimesSometimesAlwaysSometimesNeverSometimes AlwaysSometimesAlwaysNeverSometimesAlwaysAlwaysSometimesNeverSometimes AlwaysNeverAlwaysNeverSometimesAlwaysAlwaysAlwaysSometimesSometimes SometimesSometimesAlwaysSometimesSometimesAlwaysAlwaysAlwaysSometimesSometimes AlwaysSometimesAlwaysSometimesSometimesAlwaysAlwaysAlwaysNeverSometimesProblems Encountered During Peak Seasons P1P2P3P4P5P6P7P8P9P10 NeverSometimesNeverSometimesSometimesAlwaysAlwaysAlwaysSometimesSometimes SometimesSometimesNeverSometimesSometimesAlwaysAlwaysAlwaysSometimesSometimes NeverSometimesNeverSometimesSometimesAlwaysAlwaysSometimesSometimesSometimes SometimesSometimesNeverSometimesSometimesAlwaysAlwaysSometimesNeverSometimes SometimesSometimesNeverSometimesSometimesAlwaysAlwaysSometimesSometimesSometimes NeverSometimesNeverSometimesSom etimesAlwaysAlwaysAlwaysNeverSometimes NeverSometimesNeverSometimesSometimesAlwaysAlwaysAlwaysSometimesSometimes NeverSometimesNeverSometimesSometimesAlwaysAlwaysSometimesSometimesS metimes NeverSometimesNeverSometimesSometimesAlwaysAlwaysSometimesNeverSometimes SometimesSometimesNeverSometimesSometimesSometimesAlwaysSometimesSometimesSometimes SometimesNeverNeverNeverSometimesAlwaysAlwaysSometimesSometimesSometimes NeverSometimesNeverSometimesSometimesAlwaysAlwaysNeverSometimesSometimes NeverNeverNeverNeverSometimesAlwaysAlwaysNeverSometimesSometimes NeverSometimesNeverSometimesSometimesAlwaysAlwaysSometimesSometimesSometimes NeverSometimesNeverNeverSometimesAlwaysAlwaysSometimesSometimesSometimes NeverSometimesNeverSometimesSometimesSometimesAlwaysAlwaysSometimesSometimes NeverSometimesNeverSometimesSometimesAlwaysAlwaysNeverSometimesSometimes NeverSometimesNeverSometimesSometimesAlwaysAlwaysSometimesSometimesSometimes NeverNeverNeverNeverSometimesAlwaysAlwaysSometimesSometimesSom etimes NeverNeverNeverSometimesSometimesAlwaysAlwaysSometimesSometimesSometimes NeverSometimesNeverNeverSometimesSometimesAlwaysAlwaysSometimesSometimes SometimesSometimesNeverNeverSometimesAlwaysAlwaysAlwaysSometimesSometimes SometimesAlwaysNeverSometimesSometimesSometimesAlwaysSometimesSometimesSometimes NeverSometimesNeverSometimesSometimesAlwaysAlwaysSometimesSometimesSometimes NeverSometimesNeverSometimesSometimesSometimesAlwaysAlwaysSometimesSometimes SometimesSometimesNeverNeverSometimesAlwaysAlwaysSometimesNeverSometimes SometimesSometimesNeverSometimesSometimesAlwaysAlwaysSometimesSometimesSometimes NeverNeverNeverSometimesSometimesAlwaysAlwaysAlwaysSometimesSometimes NeverSometimesNeverSometimesSometimesAlwaysAlwaysAlwaysSometimesSometimes NeverSometimesNeverSometimesSometimesAlwaysAlwaysAlwaysSometimesSometimes S1S2S3S4S5 DisagreeStrongly AgreeAgreeAgreeDisagree DisagreeAgreeStrongly AgreeStrongly AgreeDisagree DisagreeAgreeAgreeAgreeDisagree DisagreeAgreeAgreeStrongly Ag reeAgree DisagreeAgreeAgreeStrongly AgreeAgree AgreeStrongly AgreeAgreeStrongly AgreeDisagreeDisagreeStrongly AgreeAgreeStrongly AgreeDisagree DisagreeStrongly AgreeStrongly AgreeStrongly AgreeDisagree DisagreeStrongly AgreeStrongly AgreeStrongly AgreeAgree AgreeStrongly AgreeStrongly AgreeStrongly AgreeDisagree DisagreeStrongly AgreeStrongly AgreeStrongly AgreeDisagree DisagreeStrongly AgreeAgreeStrongly AgreeDisagree AgreeStrongly AgreeDisagreeStrongly AgreeDisagree AgreeAgreeDisagreeStrongly AgreeAgree AgreeStrongly AgreeAgreeStrongly AgreeDisagree DisagreeStrongly AgreeAgreeStrongly AgreeDisagree AgreeStrongly AgreeAgreeAgreeDisagree AgreeStrongly AgreeStrongly AgreeAgreeAgree DisagreeAgreeDisagreeStrongly AgreeAgree AgreeAgreeDisagreeStrongly AgreeDisagreeAgreeStrongly AgreeAgreeStrongly AgreeStrongly Agree AgreeStrongly AgreeAgreeStrongly AgreeDisagree DisagreeStrongly AgreeAgreeStrongly AgreeStrongly Agree DisagreeStrongly AgreeAgreeStrongly AgreeAgree AgreeStrongly AgreeDisa greeAgreeDisagree AgreeStrongly AgreeAgreeAgreeAgree AgreeStrongly AgreeAgreeAgreeDisagree AgreeStrongly AgreeStrongly AgreeStrongly AgreeDisagree AgreeStrongly AgreeDisagreeStrongly AgreeDisagree AgreeStrongly AgreeDisagreeStrongly AgreeDisagree PROFILE VARIABLES Respondents Type of BusinessArea of BusinessNumber of WorkersYears of ExistenceSupplier's Place 111152 211342 311342 411352 511122 612212 712132 812442 912222 1012242 1112312 1212212 312314 1412212 1512312 1612112 1712452 1813122 1912212 2012212 2112232 2212112 2312222 2412244 2512132 2612122 2712132 2811112 2911112 3012212 1. 001. 801. 972. 332. 13 Numeric Survey Flowers being SoldEstimated Sales rosesmalaysian mumsangel's breath anthuriumbirds of paradise tulipsstar gazerTotal No. of Flowers Being OfferedPeak SeasonsDormant Seasons 111111523 21111444 311111545 41111435 51111434 6111111632 71111433 8111111665 9111333 1011111533 1111111534 1211111532 131111111765 141111432 151111433 161111433 171111465 18111332 19111335 20 1111433 211111464 22111365 23111363 241111111753 251111452 26111352 27111332 281111111743 29111343 30111333 03030187311129 3. 903. 37 Dormant P1P2P3P4P5P6P7P8P9P10Composite Mean 132322233122. 33 232322233122. 33 332322232122. 22 432322232122. 22 532322332222. 44 632322333122. 44 732322333122. 44 832312332222. 33 932322332122. 33 1032322232122. 22 1131312232222. 11 1232322231222. 22 1321312331121. 89 1432312332222. 33 1522312232122. 00 1632322233222. 44 1722322331222. 22 1832322332222. 44 1931312332222. 22 2031322232222. 22 2132312233222. 33 2232312233222. 33 2333312232122. 22 2422322332222. 33 2532322233222. 44 2622312232122. 00 2732312332122. 22 2831312333222. 33 2922322333222. 44 3032322333122. 44 Mean2. 801. 873. 001. 602. 002. 503. 002. 271. 532. 002. 29Problems (Peak) Statements P1P2 P3P4 P5 P6P7 P8P9 P10Composite MeanS1S2S3S4S5Composite Mean 12122333222. 10243322. 80 22122333222. 20234423. 00 12122332222. 00233322. 60 22122332122. 00233433. 00 22122332222. 10233433. 00 1212233 3122. 00343423. 20 12122333222. 10243423. 00 12122332222. 00244423. 20 12122332121. 90244433. 40 22122232222. 00344423. 40 21112332221. 90244423. 20 12122331221. 90243423. 00 11112331221. 70342423. 00 12122332222. 00332433. 00 12112332221. 90343423. 20 12122233222. 00243423. 00 12122331221. 90343323. 00 12122332222. 00344333. 40 11112332221. 80232432. 80 11122332221. 90332422. 80 12112233221. 90343443. 60 22112333222. 10343423. 20 23122232222. 0243443. 40 12122332222. 00243433. 20 12122233222. 00342322. 80 22112332121. 90343333. 20 22122332222. 10343323. 00 11122333222. 00344423. 40 12122333222. 10342423. 00 12122333222. 10342423. 00 1. 301. 871. 001. 772. 002. 833. 002. 271. 872. 00 1. 992. 533. 773. 003. 772. 403. 09 Graphical Presentation G-1 Area of Business G-2 Number of Workers G-3 Years of Existence G-4 Estimated Sales During Peak Season G-5 Estimated Sales per Day during Dormant Season G-6 Central Tendencyof Problems Encountered During Dormant Season G-7 Central Tendency of Problems During Peak Season G-8 Statements Tabular Presentation Profile Variables Frequencies StatisticsType Of BusinessArea Of BusinessNumber Of WorkersYears Of ExistenceSupplier’s Place NValid3030303030 Missing00000 Range02342 Minimum11112 Maximum13454 Sum3054597064 Frequency Table Type Of Business FrequencyPercentValid PercentCumulative Percent ValidSole Proprietorship30100. 0100. 0100. 0 Area Of Business FrequencyPercentValid PercentCumulative Percent ValidPublic Market723. 323. 323. 3 Other Commercial Area2273. 373. 396. 7 Residential Area13. 33. 3100. 0 Total30100. 0100. 0 Number Of Workers FrequencyPercentValid PercentCumulative Percent Valid11136. 736. 736. 7 21136. 736. 773. 3 3620. 020. 093. 3 426. 76. 7100. 0 Total30100. 0100. 0 Years Of Existence FrequencyPercentValid PercentCumulative PercentValid1-5 years1343. 343. 343. 3 6-10 years516. 716. 760. 0 11-15 years413. 313. 373. 3 16-20 years516. 716. 790. 0 Above 20 years310. 010. 0100. 0 Total30100. 0100. 0 Supplie rs’ Place FrequencyPercentValid PercentCumulative Percent Valid22893. 393. 393. 3 426. 76. 7100. 0 Total30100. 0100. 0 Means Case Processing Summary Cases IncludedExcludedTotal NPercentNPercentNPercent Type Of Business * PVCompMean30100. 0%0. 0%30100. 0% Area Of Business * PVCompMean30100. 0%0. 0%30100. 0% Number Of Workers * PVCompMean30100. 0%0. 0%30100. 0% Years Of Existence * PVCompMean30100. 0%0. 0%30100. 0% Suppliers’ Place * PVCompMean30100. 0%0. 0%30100. 0% ReportPVCompMeanType Of BusinessArea Of BusinessNumber Of WorkersYears Of ExistenceSuppliers’ Place 1. 20Mean1. 001. 001. 001. 002. 00 N22222 Std. Deviation. 000. 000. 000. 000. 000 1. 40Mean1. 001. 671. 001. 332. 00 N33333 Std. Deviation. 000. 577. 000. 577. 000 1. 60Mean1. 002. 001. 861. 142. 00 N77777 Std. Deviation. 000. 000. 378. 378. 000 1. 80Mean1. 002. 131. 752. 132. 00 N88888 Std. Deviation. 000. 354. 886. 835. 000 2. 00Mean1. 001. 501. 504. 002. 00 N22222 Std. Deviation. 000. 707. 7071. 414. 000 2. 20Mean1. 001. 502. 753. 252. 50 N44444 Std. Deviation. 000. 577. 5001. 5001. 000 2. 40Mean1. 001. 003. 005. 002. 00 N11111 Std. Deviation†¦.. 2. 0Mean1. 002. 003. 004. 003. 00 N22222 Std. Deviation. 000. 0001. 414. 0001. 414 2. 80Mean1. 002. 004. 005. 002. 00 N11111 Std. Deviation†¦.. TotalMean1. 001. 801. 972. 332. 13 N3030303030 Std. Deviation. 000. 484. 9281. 446. 507 ANOVA Tablea Sum of SquaresDf Area Of Business * PVCompMeanBetween Groups(Combined)3. 7588 Within Groups3. 04221 Total6. 80029 Number Of Workers * PVCompMeanBetween Groups(Combined)15. 3608 Within Groups9. 60721 Total24. 96729 Years Of Existence * PVCompMeanBetween Groups(Combined)45. 5188 Within Groups15. 14921 Total60. 66729 SuppliersPlace * PVCompMeanBetween Groups(Combined)2. 4678 Within Groups5. 00021 Total7. 46729 a.No variance within groups – statistics for TypeOfBusiness * PVCompMean cannot be computed. ANOVA Tablea Mean SquareFSig. AreaOfBusiness * PVCompMeanBetween Groups(Combined) . 4703. 243. 015 Within Groups. 145 NumberOfWorkers * PVCompMeanBetween Groups(Combined)1. 9204. 197. 004 Within Groups. 457 YearsOfExistence * PVCompMeanBetween Groups(Combined)5. 6907. 887. 000 Within Groups. 721 SuppliersPlace * PVCompMeanBetween Groups(Combined). 3081. 295. 299 Within Groups. 238 a. No variance within groups – statistics for TypeOfBusiness * PVCompMean cannot be computed. Measures of Association EtaEta Squared AreaOfBusiness * PVCompMean. 743. 553 NumberOfWorkers * PVCompMean. 784. 615YearsOfExistence * PVCompMean. 866. 750 SuppliersPlace * PVCompMean. 575. 330 Flowers Being Sold Frequencies Statistics RosesMalaysian MumsAngel’s BreathAnthuriumBirds Of Paradise Tulips Star Gazer NValid30303030303030 Missing0000000 Range0001111 Sum303030187311 Frequency Tables Roses FrequencyPercentValid PercentCumulative Percent ValidAvailable30100. 0100. 0100. 0 Malaysian Mums FrequencyPercentValid PercentCumulative Percent ValidAvailable30100. 0100. 0100. 0 Birds Of Paradise FrequencyPercentValid PercentCumulative Percent ValidNot Available2376. 776. 776. 7 Available723. 323. 3100. 0 Total30100. 0100. 0 Angel’s Breath FrequencyPercentValid PercentCumulative PercentValidAvailable30100. 0100. 0100. 0 Tulips FrequencyPercentValid PercentCumulative Percent ValidNot Available2790. 090. 090. 0 Available310. 010. 0100. 0 Total30100. 0100. 0 Star Gazer FrequencyPercentValid PercentCumulative Percent ValidNot Available1963. 363. 363. 3 Available1136. 736. 7100. 0 Total30100. 0100. 0 Descriptive Statistics NSumStd. Deviation Roses3030. 000 Malaysian Mums3030. 000 Angel’s Breath3030. 000 Anthurium3018. 498 Birds Of Paradise307. 430 Tulips303. 305 Star Gazer3011. 490 Valid N (listwise)30 Anthurium FrequencyPercentValid PercentCumulative Percent ValidNot Available1240. 040. 040. 0 Available1860. 060. 0100. 0 Total30100. 0100. 0Estimated Sales during Peak and Dormant Season Frequencies Statistics Estimated Sales Peak SeasonEstimated Sales D ormant Season NValid3030 Missing00 Mean3. 903. 37 Median3. 003. 00 Std. Deviation1. 2691. 098 Range43 Minimum22 Maximum65 Frequency Table Estimated Sales Peak FrequencyPercentValid PercentCumulative Percent Valid10000 – 2999913. 33. 33. 3 30000 – 499991653. 353. 356. 7 50000 – 69999413. 313. 370. 0 70000 – 89999310. 010. 080. 0 90000 and above620. 020. 0100. 0 Total30100. 0100. 0 Estimated Sales Dormant FrequencyPercentValid PercentCumulative Percent Valid500 -999723. 323. 323. 3 1000 – 14991240. 040. 063. 3 1500 – 1999413. 313. 376. 7 000 and above723. 323. 3100. 0 Total30100. 0100. 0 Descriptive Statistics NRangeMinimumMaximumMeanStd. Deviation EstimatedSalesPeak304263. 901. 269 EstimatedSalesDormant303253. 371. 098 Valid N (listwise)30 Problems Encountered During Dormant Seasons Frequencies Statistics DP1DP2DP3DP4DP5DP6DP7DP8DP9DP10 NValid30303030303030303030 Missing0000000000 Mean2. 801. 873. 001. 602. 002. 503. 002. 271. 532. 00 Median3 . 002. 003. 002. 002. 002. 503. 002. 002. 002. 00 Mode323222a3222 Std. Deviation. 407. 434. 000. 498. 000. 509. 000. 640. 507. 000 Range1201010210 Minimum2131223112 Maximum3332233322 a. Multiple modes exist. The smallest value is shown Frequency TableDried Flowers (DP1) FrequencyPercentValid PercentCumulative Percent ValidSometimes620. 020. 020. 0 Always2480. 080. 0100. 0 Total30100. 0100. 0 Pests (DP2) FrequencyPercentValid PercentCumulative Percent ValidNever516. 716. 716. 7 Sometimes2480. 080. 096. 7 Always13. 33. 3100. 0 Total30100. 0100. 0 Few Customers (DP3) FrequencyPercentValid PercentCumulative Percent ValidAlways30100. 0100. 0100. 0 Delayed Deliveries of Ordered Flowers (DP4) FrequencyPercentValid PercentCumulative Percent ValidNever1240. 040. 040. 0 Sometimes1860. 060. 0100. 0 Total30100. 0100. 0 Unpaid Balances of Customers (DP5) FrequencyPercentValid PercentCumulative PercentValidSometimes30100. 0100. 0100. 0 Too many competitors (DP6) FrequencyPercentValid PercentCumul ative Percent ValidSometimes1550. 050. 050. 0 Always1550. 050. 0100. 0 Total30100. 0100. 0 Burdensome taxes (DP7) FrequencyPercentValid PercentCumulative Percent ValidAlways30100. 0100. 0100. 0 Lack of necessary equipment (DP8) FrequencyPercentValid PercentCumulative Percent ValidNever310. 010. 010. 0 Sometimes1653. 353. 363. 3 Always1136. 736. 7100. 0 Total30100. 0100. 0 Lack of stocked flowers (DP9) FrequencyPercentValid PercentCumulative Percent ValidNever1446. 746. 746. 7 Sometimes1653. 353. 3100. 0 Total30100. 0100. 0 Natural Calamities (DP10)FrequencyPercentValid PercentCumulative Percent ValidSometimes30100. 0100. 0100. 0 Descriptive Statistics NRangeMinimumMaximumMeanStd. Deviation DP1301232. 80. 407 DP2302131. 87. 434 DP3300333. 00. 000 DP4301121. 60. 498 DP5300222. 00. 000 DP6301232. 50. 509 DP7300333. 00. 000 DP8302132. 27. 640 DP9301121. 53. 507 DP10300222. 00. 000 Valid N (listwise)30 Means Case Processing Summary Cases IncludedExcludedTotal NPercentNPercentNPercent DP1 * DPCompMean30100. 0%0. 0%30100. 0% DP2 * DPCompMean30100. 0%0. 0%30100. 0% DP3 * DPCompMean30100. 0%0. 0%30100. 0% DP4 * DPCompMean30100. 0%0. 0%30100. 0% DP5 * DPCompMean30100. 0%0. 0%30100. 0% DP6 * DPCompMean30100. 0%0. 0%30100. 0%DP7 * DPCompMean30100. 0%0. 0%30100. 0% DP8 * DPCompMean30100. 0%0. 0%30100. 0% DP9 * DPCompMean30100. 0%0. 0%30100. 0% DP10 * DPCompMean30100. 0%0. 0%30100. 0% Report DPCompMeanDP1DP2DP3DP4DP5DP6DP7DP8DP9DP10 1. 89Mean2. 001. 003. 001. 002. 003. 003. 001. 001. 002. 00 N1111111111 Std. Deviation†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 2. 00Mean2. 002. 003. 001. 002. 002. 003. 002. 001. 002. 00 N2222222222 Std. Deviation. 000. 000. 000. 000. 000. 000. 000. 000. 000. 000 2. 11Mean3. 001. 003. 001. 002. 002. 003. 002. 002. 002. 00 N1111111111 Std. Deviation†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 2. 22Mean2. 891. 893. 001. 672. 002. 333. 001. 781. 442. 00 N9999999999 Std. Deviation. 333. 601. 000. 500. 000. 00. 000. 441. 527. 000 2. 33Mean2. 891. 893. 001. 442. 002. 563. 002. 561. 672. 00 N9999999999 Std. Deviation. 333. 333. 000. 527. 000. 527. 000. 527. 500. 000 2. 44Mean2. 882. 003. 002. 002. 002. 753. 002. 751. 632. 00 N8888888888 Std. Deviation. 354. 000. 000. 000. 000. 463. 000. 463. 518. 000 TotalMean2. 801. 873. 001. 602. 002. 503. 002. 271. 532. 00 N30303030303030303030 Std. Deviation. 407. 434. 000. 498. 000. 509. 000. 640. 507. 000 ANOVA Tablea,b,c,d Sum of SquaresdfMean Square DP1 * DPCompMeanBetween Groups(Combined)2. 1475. 429 Within Groups2. 65324. 111 Total4. 80029 DP2 * DPCompMeanBetween Groups(Combined)1. 6895. 338 Within Groups3. 7824. 157 Total5. 46729 DP4 * DPCompMeanBetween Groups(Combined)2. 9785. 596 Within Groups4. 22224. 176 Total7. 20029 DP6 * DPCompMeanBetween Groups(Combined)1. 7785. 356 Within Groups5. 72224. 238 Total7. 50029 DP8 * DPCompMeanBetween Groups(Combined)6. 58951. 318 Within Groups5. 27824. 220 Total11. 86729 DP9 * DPCompMeanBetween Groups(Combined)1. 3695. 274 Within Groups6. 09724. 254 Total7. 46729 a. No variance within gr oups – statistics for DP3 * DPCompMean cannot be computed. b. No variance within groups – statistics for DP5 * DPCompMean cannot be computed. c. No variance within groups – statistics for DP7 * DPCompMean cannot be computed. d.No variance within groups – statistics for DP10 * DPCompMean cannot be computed. ANOVA Tablea,b,c,d FSig. DP1 * DPCompMeanBetween Groups(Combined)3. 885. 010 DP2 * DPCompMeanBetween Groups(Combined)2. 146. 094 DP4 * DPCompMeanBetween Groups(Combined)3. 385. 019 DP6 * DPCompMeanBetween Groups(Combined)1. 491. 230 DP8 * DPCompMeanBetween Groups(Combined)5. 992. 001 DP9 * DPCompMeanBetween Groups(Combined)1. 078. 397 a. No variance within groups – statistics for DP3 * DPCompMean cannot be computed. b. No variance within groups – statistics for DP5 * DPCompMean cannot be computed. c. No variance within groups – statistics for DP7 * DPCompMean cannot be computed. d.No variance within groups – statistics for DP 10 * DPCompMean cannot be computed. Measures of Association EtaEta Squared DP1 * DPCompMean. 669. 447 DP2 * DPCompMean. 556. 309 DP4 * DPCompMean. 643. 414 DP6 * DPCompMean. 487. 237 DP8 * DPCompMean. 745. 555 DP9 * DPCompMean. 428. 183 Problems Encountered During Peak Seasons Frequencies Statistics PP1PP2PP3PP4PP5PP6PP7PP8PP9PP10 NValid30303030303030303030 Missing0000000000 Mean1. 301. 871. 001. 772. 002. 833. 002. 271. 872. 00 Median1. 002. 001. 002. 002. 003. 003. 002. 002. 002. 00 Mode1212233222 Std. Deviation. 466. 434. 000. 430. 000. 379. 000. 640. 346. 000 Range1201010210 Minimum1111223112 Maximum2312233322 Frequency Table Dried Flowers (PP1)FrequencyPercentValid PercentCumulative Percent ValidNever2170. 070. 070. 0 Sometimes930. 030. 0100. 0 Total30100. 0100. 0 Pests (PP2) FrequencyPercentValid PercentCumulative Percent ValidNever516. 716. 716. 7 Sometimes2480. 080. 096. 7 Always13. 33. 3100. 0 Total30100. 0100. 0 Few Customers (PP3) FrequencyPercentValid PercentCumulative P ercent ValidNever30100. 0100. 0100. 0 Delayed deliveries of ordered flowers (PP4) FrequencyPercentValid PercentCumulative Percent ValidNever723. 323. 323. 3 Sometimes2376. 776. 7100. 0 Total30100. 0100. 0 Unpaid balances of customers (PP5) FrequencyPercentValid PercentCumulative Percent ValidSometimes30100. 0100. 0100. 0 Too many competitors (PP6)FrequencyPercentValid PercentCumulative Percent ValidSometimes516. 716. 716. 7 Always2583. 383. 3100. 0 Total30100. 0100. 0 Burdensome taxes (PP7) FrequencyPercentValid PercentCumulative Percent ValidA;ways30100. 0100. 0100. 0 Lack of necessary equipment (PP8) FrequencyPercentValid PercentCumulative Percent ValidNever310. 010. 010. 0 Sometimes1653. 353. 363. 3 Always1136. 736. 7100. 0 Total30100. 0100. 0 Lack of stocked flowers (PP9) FrequencyPercentValid PercentCumulative Percent ValidNever413. 313. 313. 3 Sometimes2686. 786. 7100. 0 Total30100. 0100. 0 Natural Calamities (PP10) FrequencyPercentValid PercentCumulative Percent ValidSometime s30100. 0100. 0100. 0Case Processing Summary Cases IncludedExcludedTotal NPercentNPercentNPercent PP1 * PPCompMean30100. 0%0. 0%30100. 0% PP2 * PPCompMean30100. 0%0. 0%30100. 0% PP3 * PPCompMean30100. 0%0. 0%30100. 0% PP4 * PPCompMean30100. 0%0. 0%30100. 0% PP5 * PPCompMean30100. 0%0. 0%30100. 0% PP6 * PPCompMean30100. 0%0. 0%30100. 0% PP7 * PPCompMean30100. 0%0. 0%30100. 0% PP8 * PPCompMean30100. 0%0. 0%30100. 0% PP9 * PPCompMean30100. 0%0. 0%30100. 0% PP10 * PPCompMean30100. 0%0. 0%30100. 0% Report PPCompMeanPP1PP2PP3PP4PP5PP6PP7PP8PP9PP10 1. 70Mean1. 001. 001. 001. 002. 003. 003. 001. 002. 002. 00 N1111111111 Std. Deviation†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 1. 80Mean1. 001. 001. 01. 002. 003. 003. 002. 002. 002. 00 N1111111111 Std. Deviation†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 1. 90Mean1. 251. 751. 001. 502. 002. 883. 001. 881. 752. 00 N8888888888 Std. Deviation. 463. 463. 000. 535. 000. 354. 000. 641. 463. 000 2. 00Mean1. 181. 911. 002. 002. 002. 733. 002. 361. 822. 00 N11111111111111111111 Std. Deviatio n. 405. 302. 000. 000. 000. 467. 000. 505. 405. 000 2. 10Mean1. 502. 131. 001. 882. 002. 873. 002. 632. 002. 00 N8888888888 Std. Deviation. 535. 354. 000. 354. 000. 354. 000. 518. 000. 000 2. 20Mean2. 002. 001. 002. 002. 003. 003. 003. 002. 002. 00 N1111111111 Std. Deviation†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. TotalMean1. 301. 871. 001. 772. 002. 833. 002. 271. 872. 00N30303030303030303030 Std. Deviation. 466. 434. 000. 430. 000. 379. 000. 640. 346. 000 ANOVA Tablea,b,c,d Sum of SquaresdfMean Square PP1 * PPCompMeanBetween Groups(Combined)1. 1645. 233 Within Groups5. 13624. 214 Total6. 30029 PP2 * PPCompMeanBetween Groups(Combined)2. 1835. 437 Within Groups3. 28424. 137 Total5. 46729 PP4 * PPCompMeanBetween Groups(Combined)2. 4925. 498 Within Groups2. 87524. 120 Total5. 36729 PP6 * PPCompMeanBetween Groups(Combined). 2355. 047 Within Groups3. 93224. 164 Total4. 16729 PP8 * PPCompMeanBetween Groups(Combined)4. 5715. 914 Within Groups7. 29524. 304 Total11. 86729 PP9 * PPCompMeanBetween Groups(Combi ned). 3305. 066Within Groups3. 13624. 131 Total3. 46729 a. No variance within groups – statistics for PP3 * PPCompMean cannot be computed. b. No variance within groups – statistics for PP5 * PPCompMean cannot be computed. c. No variance within groups – statistics for PP7 * PPCompMean cannot be computed. d. No variance within groups – statistics for PP10 * PPCompMean cannot be computed. ANOVA Tablea,b,c,d FSig. PP1 * PPCompMeanBetween Groups(Combined)1. 087. 393 PP2 * PPCompMeanBetween Groups(Combined)3. 190. 024 PP4 * PPCompMeanBetween Groups(Combined)4. 160. 007 PP6 * PPCompMeanBetween Groups(Combined). 287. 916 PP8 * PPCompMeanBetween Groups(Combined)3. 008. 30 PP9 * PPCompMeanBetween Groups(Combined). 506. 769 a. No variance within groups – statistics for PP3 * PPCompMean cannot be computed. b. No variance within groups – statistics for PP5 * PPCompMean cannot be computed. c. No variance within groups – statistics for PP7 * PPCompM ean cannot be computed. d. No variance within groups – statistics for PP10 * PPCompMean cannot be computed. Measures of Association EtaEta Squared PP1 * PPCompMean. 430. 185 PP2 * PPCompMean. 632. 399 PP4 * PPCompMean. 681. 464 PP6 * PPCompMean. 237. 056 PP8 * PPCompMean. 621. 385 PP9 * PPCompMean. 309. 095 Statements Frequencies Statistics S1S2S3S4S5 NValid3030303030Missing00000 Mean2. 533. 773. 003. 772. 40 Median3. 004. 003. 004. 002. 00 Mode34342 Std. Deviation. 507. 430. 695. 430. 621 Range11212 Minimum23232 Maximum34444 Frequency Table It is better to sold flowers on peak seasons only (S1) FrequencyPercentValid PercentCumulative Percent ValidAgree1446. 746. 746. 7 Strongly Agree1653. 353. 3100. 0 Total30100. 0100. 0 Customers are seem satisfied in your services and flowers (S2) FrequencyPercentValid PercentCumulative Percent ValidAgree723. 323. 323. 3 Strongly Agree2376. 776. 7100. 0 Total30100. 0100. 0 Total sales of flowers depends on business’ luck (S3) Freque ncyPercentValid PercentCumulative PercentValidDisagree723. 323. 323. 3 Agree1653. 353. 376. 7 Strongly Disagree723. 323. 3100. 0 Total30100. 0100. 0 Flowers are important part of an occasion (S4) FrequencyPercentValid PercentCumulative Percent ValidAgree723. 323. 323. 3 Strongly Agree2376. 776. 7100. 0 Total30100. 0100. 0 Flower shop business is an in demand business anytime (S5) FrequencyPercentValid PercentCumulative Percent ValidDisagree2066. 766. 766. 7 Agree826. 726. 793. 3 Strongly Agree26. 76. 7100. 0 Total30100. 0100. 0 Means Case Processing Summary Cases IncludedExcludedTotal NPercentNPercentNPercent S1 * SSCompMean30100. 0%0. 0%30100. 0% S2 * SSCompMean30100. 0%0. 0%30100. 0%S3 * SSCompMean30100. 0%0. 0%30100. 0% S4 * SSCompMean30100. 0%0. 0%30100. 0% S5 * SSCompMean30100. 0%0. 0%30100. 0% Report SSCompMeanS1S2S3S4S5 2. 60Mean2. 003. 003. 003. 002. 00 N11111 Std. Deviation†¦.. 2. 80Mean2. 503. 502. 253. 502. 25 N44444 Std. Deviation. 577. 577. 500. 577. 500 3. 00Mean2 . 503. 672. 753. 832. 25 N1212121212 Std. Deviation. 522. 492. 622. 389. 452 3. 20Mean2. 574. 003. 293. 862. 29 N77777 Std. Deviation. 535. 000. 488. 378. 488 3. 40Mean2. 604. 003. 803. 802. 80 N55555 Std. Deviation. 548. 000. 447. 447. 837 3. 60Mean3. 004. 003. 004. 004. 00 N11111 Std. Deviation†¦.. TotalMean2. 533. 773. 003. 772. 40 N3030303030 Std.Deviation. 507. 430. 695. 430. 621 ANOVA Table Sum of SquaresDfMean Square S1 * SSCompMeanBetween Groups(Combined). 5525. 110 Within Groups6. 91424. 288 Total7. 46729 S2 * SSCompMeanBetween Groups(Combined)1. 7005. 340 Within Groups3. 66724. 153 Total5. 36729 S3 * SSCompMeanBetween Groups(Combined)6. 77151. 354 Within Groups7. 22924. 301 Total14. 00029 S4 * SSCompMeanBetween Groups(Combined)1. 0435. 209 Within Groups4. 32424. 180 Total5. 36729 S5 * SSCompMeanBetween Groups(Combined)3. 9715. 794 Within Groups7. 22924. 301 Total11. 20029 ANOVA Table FSig. S1 * SSCompMeanBetween Groups(Combined). 383. 855 S2 * SSCompMeanBetween Groups (Combined)2. 25. 085 S3 * SSCompMeanBetween Groups(Combined)4. 496. 005 S4 * SSCompMeanBetween Groups(Combined)1. 158. 358 S5 * SSCompMeanBetween Groups(Combined)2. 637. 049 Measures of Association EtaEta Squared S1 * SSCompMean. 272. 074 S2 * SSCompMean. 563. 317 S3 * SSCompMean. 695. 484 S4 * SSCompMean. 441. 194 S5 * SSCompMean. 595. 355 Results and Discussion Table1. Frequency Distribution of Respondents’ Profile Variables Profile VariablesFrequencyPercentageRank Type of BusinessSole Propreitorship301001 Corporation003 Patrtnership003 Others003 Total30100 Area of BusinessAlong the public market723. 32 Other Commercial Area2273. 31 Residential Area13. 33Others004 Total30100 Number of Workers11136. 71. 5 21136. 71. 5 3620. 02 426. 73 Total30100 Years of Existence1-5 years1343. 31 6-10 years516. 72. 5 11-15 years413. 34 16-20 years516. 72. 5 Above 20 years310. 05 Total30100 The purpose of the study is to determine the profile variables of flower shops and compare the net sal es during the seasons with low and high demand for flowers. The researcher conducted a survey in selected areas in Lipa City and Batangas City where flower shops are situated. All florist that the researcher have questioned, indicated that their business is only owned by one. All have a Sole Proprietorship type of business.After further asking, the researcher found out that it is better to have that type of business to lessen the liability to government, like taxes. As to the area of business, mostly our situated not along the public market but to other commercial area where people can see them easily. In Lipa City, only few shops are in the public market, but many are located in Mataas na Lupa near Robinsons. In Batangas City, most flower shops are seen on Plaza Mabini near Saint Bridget’s College. The result of the survey indicates that 7 out of 30 flower shops are located in public market, 22 are on other commercial area and only 1 was seen on a residential area. Shops are near each other therefore resulting to a tight competitive environment.The survey shows that most shops have only 1 or 2 workers/florist on it. 11 shops have 1 worker only as well as 2 workers. 6 shops have 3 workers and 4 shops have 4 workers. Meaning, 36. 7% prefer lower number of workers. This shows that owners are decreasing the numbers of workers to decrease the expense monthly. Few shops exist in a long time like above 20 years. 43. 3 % of surveyed shops are existing in 1-5 years already. They weren’t be existing in that long time if the business is always incurring loses, therefore despite the dormant and peak seasons, they still have a return on their capital . Table2. Frequency Distribution of Available FlowersFlowersFrequencyPercentageRank Roses30100%2 Malaysian Mums30100%2 Angel's Breath30100%2 Anthurium1823. 30%4 Birds of Paradise760%6 Tulips310%7 Star Gazer1136. 70%5 Most flower shops do not store many flowers. They only order what the customer demanded to them. The survey only indicated those flowers readily available in the flower shops at the time the researcher conducted the interview. All shops have the Malaysian Mums available. These are the flowers that are cheap but still possess beauty if arrange in a nice manner. These are mostly use for funeral purposes which are mostly demanded in a normal day. Roses and Angel’s breath are also available on all shops.Only 7 shops have available birds of paradise, 18 shops have anthurium, 11 shops have Star gazer, and only 3 shops have Tulips in them. These flowers are not only the flowers being sold. They are only the flowers being offered on a typical flower shops that the researcher have interviewed. Clearly stated in the graph G-4 and G-5 that the business is highly profitable during peak seasons like Valentine’s Day, All Souls Day, Mothers’ Day and any month when there is a public occasion. Most flower shops are having a profit of 30000 – 49999 pesos in a day dur ing those occasions. Unlike during a normal day 1000 – 1999 pesos only is the amount of their sales.After further questioning, the researcher found out that there are days that a shop has no sales at all during the few-demand-of-flowers seasons. Few demand seasons include months of June, July, August and September. Exuberant flower arrangements enliven all the meaningful celebration in our annual calendar. Therefore in those seasons flowers are greatly in demand resulting to very high sales on all flower shop business. There are shops which have sales up to 100000 pesos, the reason why more and more people are attracted to engage on this kind of business. Table3. Computed Mean and Verbal Interpretation of Problems Experienced ProblemsDormantPeakMeanVerbal InterpretationRankMeanVerbal InterpretationRank Dried flowers2. 80Always31. 30Never9 Pests1. 87Sometimes91. 87Sometimes6. 5 Few customers3. 00Always1. 51. 00Never10 Delayed Deliveries of ordered flowers1. 60Sometimes101. 77S ometimes8 Unpaid balances of customers2. 00Sometimes7. 52. 00Sometimes4. 5 Too many competitors2. 50Always52. 83Always2 Burdensome taxes3. 00Always1. 53. 00Always1 Lack of necessary equipment2. 27Sometimes62. 27Sometimes3 Lack of stocked flowers2. 53Always41. 87Sometimes6. 5 Natural Calamities2. 00Sometimes7. 52. 00Sometimes4. 5 Like any other business, Flower shops are often experiencing problems with regards to their operations.For the purpose of this research, the researcher decided to divide it to problems relating to peak seasons and dormant seasons. During dormant seasons, the mean for the problem of dried flowers is 2. 80. It means that they are always experiencing this problem during dormant season but during peak the mean is only 1. 3 meaning most or almost all flower shops do not encounter this kind of situation. The problem with Pest, having the same mean of 1. 87 during dormant and peak season is sometimes experience in whatever season it may be. Technologies are advanci ng therefore they have found a way to eliminate pests in their flowers. There are also days when the business have a few customers.This is true during dormant season having a mean of 3. 00. Dormant seasons are days when there is only little demand on a certain products, therefore on those days few people are going to flower shops to buy flowers. But at peak seasons, many consumers are craving for flowers resulting to a mean of 1, meaning the problem of â€Å"few customers† is never experience during peak season. . Taxes are part of a business. Therefore businessman and woman consider this as one of the major problems of an entrepreneur. Having a mean of 3. 00 in the survey for both seasons, it is therefore an all-year problem of these businesses as well as too many competitors.Delayed deliveries of ordered flowers, unpaid balances of customers, lack of necessary equipment and natural calamities are sometimes experience by the shops in whatever season it may be. Table4. Weight ed Mean Distribution on the Perception of the Owners as regards to Flower Shop Business StatementsMeanVerbal InterpretationRank It is better to sold flowers on Peak Seasons only2. 53Agree4 Customers are seem satisfied in your services and flowers3. 77Strongly Agree1. 5 Total sales each day depends on the business’ luck3. 00Agree3 Flowers are important part of an occasion3. 77Strongly Agree1. 5 Flower shop business is an in-demand business anytime2. 40Agree5 Most of the respondents agree on selling flowers only on seasons when it is in demand, 16 respondents strongly agree on this statement.Most of the shops are confident enough that their customers are satisfied in what they are offering. Belief in luck also affects the managerial skills of an entrepreneur. In the said survey, 16 respondents agree that the sales of a business depend on luck, but still 7 respondents disagree and 7 strongly disagree having a total of 14 disagreements. One must not only depend on luck for a busi ness to be successful. A manager must do something to increase the sales and make his business highly profitable having the capability to overcome different problems. With proper plan and strategies, business will bloom and will be returning one’s investment. Table5.Relationship between the Respondents’ Profile Variable and their Perception of as regards to Internet Cafe Business Profile VariableEtaEta SquaredP-ValueVerbal Interpretation Area Of Business 0. 7430. 5530. 015Not Significant Number Of Workers0. 7840. 6150. 004Not Significant Years Of Existence0. 8660. 750. 000Not Significant Suppliers’ Place 0. 5750. 330. 299Not Significant Table 3 displays the relationship between the respondents’ profile variable and their perception of as regards to Internet cafe business Review of Related Literature History The flower is the most perfect and fragile work of art given to us (Maia, 2008). It is a natural beauty and art. Flowers have been used for centuries as decoration, personal adornment, or for religious significance.Ancient Egyptians used flowers to honor their many gods and goddesses. Flowers were arranged in low bowls in an orderly, repetitious pattern-flower, bud, foliage, and so on. Special spouted vases were also used to hold flowers. Lotus flowers, also called water lilies, were Egyptian favorites. They came to symbolize sacredness and were associated with Isis, the Egyptian nature goddess. Flowers were sometimes used as decorations for the body, collar, and hair. Flowers were fashioned into elaborate wreaths and garlands by the ancient Greeks. The best wreath makers were often commissioned by wealthy Greeks to make wreaths for gifts, awards, or decoration.Chaplets, special wreaths for the head, were especially popular. Cornucopia, a horn-shaped container still used today, was filled with arrangements of flowers, fruits, and vegetables. Flowers arranged into wreaths and garlands were also popular in ancient Rome and well thr ough to the Middle Ages. The Victorian era saw great developments in the art of floral design. There was enormous enthusiasm for flowers, plants, and gardens; the most cultured young ladies were often schooled in the art of flower arrangement. Rules were first established regarding function and design. Magazines and books about floral arrangement were also published during this time.Proper Victorian ladies often had fresh nosegays, or tussie-mussies, a hand-held arrangement of tightly knotted flowers, for sentimental reasons, if not to freshen the air. Posy holders, fancy carriers for these small floral arrangements, came into fashion. Some were made of ivory, glass, or mother-of-pearl, and were elaborately decorated with jewels or etchings. Flowers were also made into small arrangements and tucked into a lady's decol-letage inside aptly named containers, bosom bottles. Ikebana, the Japanese art of floral arrangement since the sixth century, has been a principal influence on formal flower arrangement design. Its popularity still continues today.In the 1950s, free-form expression developed, incorporating pieces of driftwood and figurines within arrangements of flowers and live plants. Floral traditions of the past still have an impact on us today. It is still fashionable to mark special occasions with flowers, be it an anniversary, wedding, or birthday. People continue to use flowers to commemorate the dead. Today's floral arrangements reflect current styles, trends, and tastes. The best floral designers will follow the developing fashions and creatively adapt them to their arrangements. Business Through generation people have found a way to make this a source of livelihood. One does not have to be an artist to enjoy flowers (Tozer, 2009). Flower arrangements are in demand on certain seasons.The usual sources for flowers include florists shops, supermarket, corner grocery stores, farmers’ markets, roadside stands, greenhouses, mail-order catalogues, and your own or friend’s garden. Wholesale florists sell bulk flowers and related supplies to professionals in the trade. Floristry can involve the cultivation of flowers as well as their arrangement, and to the business of selling them. Much of the raw material supplied for the floristry trade comes from the cut flower industry. Florist shops, along with online stores are the main flower-only outlets, but supermarkets, garden supply stores and filling stations also sell flowers. The floristry business has a significant market in the corporate and social event world, as flowers play a large part in the decor of special events and meetings.Centerpieces, entryways, reception tables, bridal bouquets, wedding chuppahs and stage sets are only a few examples of how flowers are used in the business and social event settings. Flower Shops are wide-spreading in the Philippines. They can be seen along the public market and other commercial areas. Flowers for sale on those shops mostly come s from Baguio City, Davao City, Tagaytay City, Cotabato City and Laguna having a climate suitable for cultivating flowers. The trading post for all these flowers is situated near Dangwa Bus Terminal. The place is called Dimasalang Wholesale Flower Market which is most commonly called as Dangwa Wholesale Market (Asuncion, 2008). Large importers of flowers have set-up shop here as this has simply become the recognized epicenter of flowers in Metro Manila.

Intel’s Site Selection Decision in Latin America Essay

In a growing technological society, the demand for Intel Corporation’s products is rising at a rapid pace. Intel must open a new plant at a rate of one every nine months to supply this demand. In order to diversify assets and decrease risk, Intel must invest in a new area. This area must consist of a stable and transparent government, an export-based economy, a well-educated population, a non-union mentality and lower operating costs than the United States. Intel aims to invest in Latin America because the area currently does not have any plants and accommodates all of the necessary criteria. After selecting a continent, Intel was more concerned about availability of technical personnel and engineers to staff the plant; labor unions and labor relations; transportation infrastructure and costs; the availability and reliability of the electrical power supply; and the government’s corporate taxation rates and incentives. Therefore, the four countries in Latin America that were most appropriate are Costa Rica, Brazil, Chile and Mexico. Costa Rica seemed like a valid alternative. The advantages to invest in Costa Rica include a reputation for stability and democratic government, a collaborative government willing to adapt and change laws in a transparent manner, relatively lower wages, rare and non-combative unions, strict strike laws, excellent transportation methods, and tax exemptions. Disadvantages are that the investment could overwhelm the small economy (pop. 3.5 million); finding enough people with the right training would be difficult; there are not enough daily flights from San Jose’s airport; and relatively high electricity costs. Brazil seemed even more valid than Costa Rica. The benefits of investing in Brazil include a huge local market (not important due to 100% exports from plant); large populations to hire staff from; collaborative state governments; reliability (numerous high technology firms already located in Brazil); capable airports; adequate infrastructure; and available and reasonably priced electrical power. Drawbacks include security; higher overall labor costs; government indifferent about concerns; non-favorable government policies; and a high rate of taxation. Chile really impressed the Intel team upon initial inspection. Investing in Chile is beneficial due to the modern infrastructure and technical training programs. However, shortcomings include travel distance for expatriate executives; salaries for technically trained personnel are relatively high; engineer salaries were similar to those in the United States; absurd capital controls; site proposal far away from airport (Santiago); and no significant government incentives. Mexico has been a great area of foreign direct investment by many high technology firms. Intel hoped it could join the Mexican Silicon Valley. The advantages to investing in Mexico are reliability (prominent Guadalajara area); sufficient travel flights and capacity; low labor costs; large supply of skilled engineers and technicians; lowest electrical power costs; and free land for plant’s site and subsidized training for an extended period. Weaknesses of this site include lack of governmental incentives at the federal level; a high rate of unionization; and exceptions would be made creating an unpredictable environment. Given the advantages and disadvantages of each country, Intel should invest in Costa Rica. Costa Rica should be selected due to its export-oriented infrastructure, reliable power and advanced telecommunications, as well as its talented and educated workforce, highly educated population and supportive business environment. If a president of a country is willing to personally take a group of Intel managers on a helicopter tour of Costa Rica, then this demonstrates the government’s willingness to collaborate with further details and issues that may arise. Intel was not too big an investor for Costa Rica. The country desired a new competitive market to cater to and Intel provided a solid stepping stone in to a newly developed Costa Rican high technology industry. The vital factor was that for every disadvantage listed by the Intel team, the Costa Rican government had a non-preferential and transparent alternative to each one. The deciding factors for the other countries were: Brazil had insecure and unreliable taxation laws that had actually driven some states to the point of bankruptcy; Although Intel was a direct foreign investor, Chile’s capital control methods would prove unstable and questionable if they forced hidden costs on to similar portfolio capital investors; Mexico’s made a crucial mistake of granting exceptions for Intel – entailing an uncertain future if there was a change in government.